Elastic-fluid turbine.



W. J. A. LONDON. ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE. APPLIOATIOK FILE-D APR. 13, 1906.

969,891, Patented Sept. 13,1910.

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W. J. A. LONDON.

ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

rum-r101 nun APE. 1a, 1906.

Patented Sepn 13,1910.

WITNESSES: 1NVENTOR xfiofim ITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM JAMES ALBERT LONDON, 0F MANCHESTER, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TO THE WESTINGHOUSEMAGHINE COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

ELASTIC-FLUID TURBINE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WVILLIAM JAMES AL- BERT LONDON, a subject of the King of Eng-' land, residing at Westinghouse l/Vorks, Trafford Park, Manchester, England, have made a new and useful Invention in Elastic-Fluid Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to elastic fluid turbine-s in which the motive fluid is initially expanded and the available velocity energy due to said expansion is extracted by moving rows of impulse blades and the remaining pressure energy extracted by impact and reaction in alternate rows of moving blades and stationary vanes.

The turbine embodying my invention belongs to a type known as double flow and the motive fluid is delivered to the working passages through nozzles arranged in the casing midway between the ends of the turbine, the working-passages being symmetrically arranged on either side thereof so that the pressure of the working fluid in one end of the turbine iscounterbalanced by an equal and opposite longitudinal thrust of the working fluid in the other end.

The object of this invention is the product-ion of a turbine of the class above described, which shall be of simple. construction, eflicient in operation and which will be cheap to manufacture. This and other ob jects I attain in a turbine embodying the features herein described and illustrated.

In the drawings accompanying this application and forming a part thereof, Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a turbine embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a transverse section, at a reduced scale, along the line AA of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a perspective View of a detail embodied in my invention.

A rotor, which comprises a cylindrical portion 4, suitably mounted on a shaft 5, is inclosed within a stationary casing 6 which is divided longitudinally on a horizontal plane passing through the axis of the rotor. The casing is provided with a motive fluid admission port 7, which communicates with a passage 8, formed within the casing, and exhaust ports 9, located at either end of the turbinewhich communicate with the exhaust ends of the working passages. Inwardly discharging nozzles 10 communicate with the fluid supply passages 8 and deliver motive fluid to an annular row of moving Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed April 13, 1906.

Patented Sept. 13, 1910.

Serial No. 311,481.

blades 11, mounted on a disk 12, which is rigidly mounted on the cylindrical portion 4. The motive fluid delivered to the blades 11 is divided into two streams which are discharged into symmetrically arranged rows of stationary directing vanes 13, located at either side of the rotor element. The motive fluid is redirected by the vanes 13 and is de livered to blades 14 mounted on either side of the disk 12.

The blades 11 and 14 are formed on rotor elements 15 which are located side by side around the periphery of the disk 12. Each element 15, as shown in F ig. 3, comprises a blade 11 formed integrally with and located at the end of a mounting shank 16 and two blades 14 located at either side thereof. The free end of each blade is provided with a projecting portion 17 which fits against the corresponding blade next in series and thereby forms a continuous annular shroud. The shank 16 is provided with a dovetailed tongue 18 which fits into an undercut groove located in the periphery. of the disk 12. The shank portion 16 of the individual elements cooperate when mounted in place on the disk 12 to form a partition which separates the blades 14 on one side of the shank from those on the other side. Each shank is provided with an apex 19, formed on the blade 11, which is effective in dividing the flow of steam discharged from the blades 11 and directing it toward either end of the turbine. The rotor elements 15 may be drop forged or made in any other suitable manner.

The nozzles 10 are formed in a nozzle block which is made in two parts, 21 and 22, the line of division being in a plane passing through a face 23. The portion 22 is provided with extending partitions which cooperate with the face 23 of the portion 21 to form the nozzles 10. The two parts of the nozzle section are bolted or otherwise secured together and serve to carry the guide blades 13, which may be conveniently inserted into circumferential undercut grooves 24. The separate parts of the nozzle section are located at either side of the annular row of elements 15 in the lower half of the easing 6, which is provided with a plate 25 adapted to hold them in place.

The motive fluid discharged from the blades 14 is delivered to a series of alternate rows of stationary vanes 26, mounted on the casing 6, and moving blades 27, mounted on the cylindrical portion 4. The nozzles are adapted to expand the motive fluid from the initial pressure to some predetermined pressure and the blades 11 and 14: are adapted to convert the available velocity energy, due to the partial expansion, into rotary motion. The vanes 26 and 27 are adapted to fractionally expand the motive fluid and abstract the available energy derived from the fractional expansion by impact and reaction. After the motive fluid has been fully expanded it is discharged into discharge passages at either end of the turbine, which communicate with the exhaust ports 9.

In assembling the parts of the turbine, the rotor with the blades attached thereto is placed in the bottom portion of the casing 6 and the sections 21 and 22 comprising the nozzle ring and containing the vanes 13 are put over the rotating blades 11 and 14: at the top and fed into the lower half of the casing circumferentially whereupon they are then clamped in position by the plates 25 and the top half of the casing is put on and secured in place.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and useful and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In an elastic fluid turbine, a plurality of inwardly discharging nozzles, a row of blades adjacent thereto and receiving fluid therefrom, means for dividing the fluid dis-. charged from said blades into two streams,

two rows of stationary vanes adapted to receive the fluid discharged from said blades, two rows of impulse blades adapted to receive the motive fluid delivered by said vanes and a series of alternate rows of blades and vanes at either side of said nozzles and communicating with said impulse blades.

2. In an elastic fluid turbine, a rotor element comprising a shank portion, a blade integrally formed therewith and mounted at one end of said shank portion and two blades integrally formed and located at either side of said shank portion.

3. In an elastic fluid turbine, a rotor element comprising a shank portion provided with three integrally formed blades.

4:. In an elastic fluid turbine, a rotor element provided with a plurality of rows of blades, in combination with a nozzle block formed .in separate sections, located at each side of said rotor element and provided with.

a plurality of rows of directing vanes, and means whereby the separate sections cooperate to form a row of fluid nozzles.

5. In an elastic fluid turbine, a blade carrying element comprising a shank portion, a plurality of blades integrally formed therewith, and an extending portion at the free ends of said blades.

6. In an elastic fluid turbine, a blade carrying element comprisin a shank portion provided with a plura ity of integrally formed blades, and means for dividing the fluid delivered from one of said blades in two streams.

7. In combination with a rotor of an elas tic fluid turbine, a blade carrying element comprising a tip adapted to divide the motive fluid into two streams, a shank portion adapted tobe mounted on said rotor, two integrally formed blades located at either side of said shank portion, and a radially extending blade formed at the end of said formed at the free ends of said blades and adapted to engage similar projections on adjacent blades.

9. In an elastic fluid turbine, a radial' double flow impulse stage and a double flow reaction stage, the separate sections of said reaction stage receiving motive fluid discharged from the separate sections of said double flow impulse stage.

10. In an elastic fluid turbine, a radial double flow impulse stage having one set of nozzles supplying both sections, and a double flow reaction stage, the separate sections of said react-ion stage receiving motive fluid discharged from separate sections of said double flow impulse stage. v 11. In an elastic fluid turbine, in combination with the rotor and stator elements of the turbine, a plurality of rows of blades mounted on said rotor element, segmental sections secured to said stator element and located on each side of the blades of said rotor element',a plurality of directing vanes.

provided on each section and means whereby the separate sections cooperate to form fluid nozzles.

12. In an elastic fluid turbine, in combination with the rotor and stator elements of the turbine, a row of blades carried by said rotor element, segmental sections secured to said stator element and located on each side of said blades, a row of directing vanes mounted on each section. and means whereby the separate sections cooperate to form fluid 

